Civil Society Statement in Accra Warns Urgency for Action on Aid
Sept 3, Better Aid
2008 is an important year for development financing and an opportunity to move the international community to a more equitable, people-centred and democratic governance system. Today 1.4 billion people live under the new poverty line of US$1.25, and the majority of them are women. The current financial, food, energy, and climate change crises make evident the urgency for action.
http://betteraid.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=212&Itemid=26

Donor Governments Continue to Ignore Developing Country Demands for Aid Reform
Sept 3, Better Aid
Governments have gathered at the High Level Forum on Aid Effectiveness in Ghana to agree an agenda for action for improving aid.  New evidence from the OECD shows that donors in particular are not meeting their side of the bargain.  Negotiations have stalled as some donor governments, particularly Japan and the United States, are refusing to agree real actions to meet the commitments. For more information, http://betteraid.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=216&Itemid=2

Score one for the NGOs
July 15, Washington Post
In recent elections for the Human Rights Council, an NGO coalition successfully convinced governments not to support two candidates who they felt had failed to uphold human rights. The success of these NGOs shows how much NGOs can achieve by persuading democratic countries in the developing world to stand up for human rights. For more information, http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/07/04/AR2008070402281.html

Food Crisis Rippling Out Like a "Tsunami"
May 19, IPS

"A rolling tsunami of social unrest is underway as we speak -- hungry people are desperate people capable of taking desperate actions. This tsunami is rapidly enveloping the global South, and it won't take much longer before it knocks at the door of the global North," warned Vicente Garcia-Delgado, the U.N. representative for CIVICUS, the world alliance for citizen participation.
http://www.ipsnews.net/news.asp?idnews=42426

Renditions Ruin the EU Case
IPS,  May 2
Collusion between European Union governments and a secret U.S. torture and kidnapping programme has damaged the EU's efforts to promote human rights throughout the world, an internal paper drawn up by Brussels officials has admitted.
http://www.ipsnews.net/news.asp?idnews=42218

Blames West For High Food, Energy Prices
IPS, April 29
While moving firmly to curb inflationary trends, India’s coalition government, which faces a general election next year, continues to blamed a poorly managed international financial system for spiralling food and energy prices at home.
http://www.ipsnews.net/news.asp?idnews=42164

Chinese children sold "like cabbages" into slavery
Reuters, April 29
Thousands of children in southwest China have been sold into slavery like "cabbages", to work as labourers in more prosperous areas such as the booming southern
http://www.iht.com/articles/reuters/2008/04/29/asia/OUKWD-UK-CHINA-SLAVERY.php

First Map of Human Impacts on Oceans Released
IPS, Feb 15

Oceans span nearly three quarters of the Earth's surface and despite this vast size hardly a square kilometre has been untouched by humans.

http://www.ipsnews.net/news.asp?idnews=41220

Groups Call On Governments to Tackle Violence Against Schoolgirls
Allafrican, Dec 5

To improve girls' education, West African governments must adopt national policies addressing all aspects of violence against schoolgirls - who face rape by teachers, verbal abuse by male students and forced early marriage by parents - a grouping of policy makers, teachers' unions and civil society organisations has said.

http://allafrica.com/stories/200712050769.html

TB and AIDS Campaigns Urged to Co-operate
IPS, Nov 12

Tuberculosis (TB) in Africa cannot be dealt with while TB and HIV/AIDS organisations refuse to set aside their differences, health experts said Friday during the 38th Union World Conference on Lung Health, underway in Cape Town, South Africa.

http://www.ipsnews.net/news.asp?idnews=40007

EPAs Will Destroy African Economies -- German NGOs
IPS, Oct 29

The economic partnership agreements (EPAs), proposed by the European Union (EU) to African, Caribbean and Pacific (ACP) countries, constitute a "neo-colonial instrument" which will destroy the economic and social basis in African states, according to some German non-governmental organisations.

http://ipsnews.net/africa/nota.asp?idnews=39834

Brain Drain Still Bleeding Ex-Colonies Dry
IPS, Oct 28

The violence, corruption and generalised poverty marring more than three decades of independence in Portugal’s five former colonies in Africa, and five years of independence in East Timor, have been the main obstacles for development in these countries, but not the only ones.

http://ipsnews.net/africa/nota.asp?idnews=39446

No Safe Cities Without Justice
IPS, Oct 1 

The urban poor are the worst affected by crime, natural disasters and insecurity, says the Global Report on Human Settlements published by UN-HABITAT on World Habitat Day Monday on October 1, 2007.

http://www.ipsnews.net/news.asp?idnews=39479

NGOs Unite on Earth's Greatest Crisis
IPS, Sept 7

A three-day meeting of over 2,500 delegates from more than 500 non-governmental organisations (NGOs) and representing 80 countries affirmed that climate change "is potentially the most serious threat humanity and our environment have ever faced."

http://www.ipsnews.net/news.asp?idnews=39188

Conflict Arises Between Short-Term Help and Long-Term Support
IPS, Sept 3

The European Union's humanitarian aid policy does not draw a sufficiently clear distinction between responses to emergencies and longer-term development assistance, a new report has concluded.

http://www.ipsnews.net/news.asp?idnews=39030

A New Breed of Hero
IPS, Aug 11, 2007

In September 2000, at the United Nations Millennium Summit, world leaders came together and agreed to a set of time-bound and measurable goals and targets for combating poverty, hunger, disease, illiteracy, environmental degradation and discrimination against women.

http://www.ipsnews.net/news.asp?idnews=38864

Rwanda Abolishes Death Penalty
Amnesty International, July 27, 2007

Rwanda has become the latest country to abolish the death penalty, accelerating the worldwide trend towards ending capital punishment. It is the first country in Africa's Great Lakes region to call a halt to executions and the 100th country worldwide to abolish the death penalty in law.

http://web.amnesty.org/pages/rwa-020807-goodnews-eng

Hope, Concern Greet China's Growing Prominence in Africa
IPS, Jul 23, 2007

While China's growing trade and investment flows to Africa have sparked a sometimes contentious debate with the United States and Europe over who has the continent's best interests at heart, a closer look at the dynamic developing reveals a political landscape where the rhetoric is rarely in line with the reality, observers say.

http://www.ipsnews.net/news.asp?idnews=38630

Developing Nations Sidelined for IMF Top Job
IPS, Jul 23, 2007

A coalition of developing countries at the International Monetary Fund issued a tacit warning Monday that the highly political process of selecting the next IMF chief may be intimidating non-European countries from putting forth candidates, and further discrediting the institution.

http://www.ipsnews.net/news.asp?idnews=38638

Death From Hunger is Still a Major Killer, Yet the Right to Food is Barely Recognised
FAO, May 7

On the eve of the commemoration of 60 years since the United Nations proclaimed the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, some rights, like the Right to Food, are overshadowed by those that have received more political and public support, yet severe food insecurity affects at least one-seventh of the world's human population.

http://allafrica.com/stories/200705080796.html

NGOs demand human rights approach to poverty
IPS, July 2, 2007

A major civil society meeting in Geneva, the Civil Society Development Forum, was clear on what has been missing so far in the development dialogue: a 'human rights approach' to poverty and hunger.\

http://www.ipsnews.net/news.asp?idnews=38394

Death From Hunger is Still a Major Killer, Yet the Right to Food is Barely Recognised
FAO, May 7

On the eve of the commemoration of 60 years since the United Nations proclaimed the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, some rights, like the Right to Food, are overshadowed by those that have received more political and public support, yet severe food insecurity affects at least one-seventh of the world's human population.

http://allafrica.com/stories/200705080796.html

UN Special Rapporteur on Human Rights and Counter Terrorism to visit United States
HREA, May 10

The United Nations Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of human rights and fundamental freedoms while countering terrorism, Mr. Martin Scheinin, will visit the United States of America from 16 to 25 May at the invitation of the Government

http://www.hrea.org/lists/display.php?headline_id=5320&language_id=1

Getting Ethiopia out of Somalia
The Boston Globe, May 3

The UN's humanitarian affairs office in Somalia reports that the recent clashes between Ethiopian troops and Somali resistance groups have killed more than 1,000 civilians and displaced more than 350,000 Mogadishu residents. The European Union, which is investigating whether war crimes were committed, argues that civilian areas were intentionally targeted.

http://www.iht.com/articles/2007/05/03/opinion/edelmi.php

Executions Begin to Decline
IPS, April 28

Three people were hanged in Japan Friday, one was executed in the United States a day earlier. Not good news for those campaigning for abolition of the death penalty.

http://ipsnews.net/news.asp?idnews=37542

NGOs Submit Letter to UN on Human Right to Water
Choike, April 24

The UN High Commissioner for Human Rights, Louise Arbour, has been asked to provide a report regarding the Human Right to Water (HRTW) to the Human Rights Council. Bearing in mind the importance of a strong report from that office, several civil society organizations put forward a series of points that should be taken into account in the report.

http://www.choike.org/nuevo_eng/informes/5559.html. 

Africa needs one million health workers
IOL, April 13

Most African Union (AU) member states rely heavily on donor funding to support their public health services and most are "highly dependent" on imported medicine.

http://www.int.iol.co.za/index.php?set_id=1&click_id=3016&art_id=nw20070412215423393C948418

East Africa: E.A Criticised Over Human Rights
The Nation, Apr 4

Kenya, Uganda and Tanzania have been accused of dragging their feet on incorporating the Bill of Human Rights in their constitutions despite ratifying relevant international laws.

http://allafrica.com/stories/200704040956.html

Media Barometer for 20 African Countries
AllAfrica, March 28

The Media Institute of Southern Africa and the Friedrich Ebert Foundation signed an agreement to pave the way for a series of in-country self-assessment exercises on media freedom in Africa. Around 20 African countries will be monitored on how they deal with free, independent, professional and economically viable media.

http://allafrica.com/stories/200703280399.html

New Move to Check Human Trafficking
IPS, March 26

A new initiative was launched March 26 to fight human trafficking globally.  The initiative kicked off with an awareness building campaign that will last through this year. The initiative aims to arm itself with a fund to take the campaign forward early next year.
http://ipsnews.net/news.asp?idnews=37087

UNFPA Report Shows How to Reduce Gender-Based Violence
AllAfrica, March 2

RAPE in Mauritania, domestic violence in Mexico and Romania, child marriage in Bangladesh, and female genital mutilation in Kenya are just a few of the abuses visited on women and girls explored in a new United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) report released this week in New York.

http://allafrica.com/stories/200703020669.htm

Africa: Discrimination And Gender Inequity Remain High Worldwide
BuaNews, Feb 28

Discrimination and gender inequality remain high worldwide and much work still needs to be done to promote a positive impact on women's economic independence, said Deputy Secretary General of the United Nations Asha-Rose Migiro.

http://allafrica.com/stories/200702280739.html

Anti-globalists protest at French support to African dictatorship
Angola Press, Feb 18

Between 200 and 300 ant-globalisation activists demonstrated late Thursday in Cannes where the Africa-France summit is being held, against France`s support to African dictatorships. The demonstrators lined up avenues chanting slogans hostile to "France-Africa" and called on France "to reform" its relations with Africa and to choose "people and not dictators".
http://www.angolapress-angop.ao/noticia-e.asp?ID=510350

Africa expects higher coffee output  
IOL, Feb 17

Producers of African specialty coffee say they expect coffee output by countries in the east and south of the continent to jump by at least 30 to 40 percent in the next five years.

http://www.int.iol.co.za/index.php?set_id=1&click_id=87&art_id=nw20070217120313918C812290

Panicked UN backs away from top staff allegation
Reuters, Feb 1

A panicked United Nations backed away on Wednesday from a charge that most top officials had refused a request by new UN chief Ban Ki-moon to resign so he could get a new team in place.

http://www.khaleejtimes.com/DisplayArticleNew.asp?xfile=data/theworld /2007/February/theworld_February15.xml&section=theworld&col=

Africa the big loser if Doha talks fail: WTO chief
Angola press, Jan 16

Africa will be the big loser if efforts to revive the Doha Round of trade opening talks fail, World Trade Organisation (WTO) chief Pascal Lamy has said. "If we conclude this round, there will be many winners. If the negotiations fail, no doubt who will be the biggest loser: Africa," said Lamy.

http://www.angolapress-angop.ao/noticia-e.asp?ID=50205

Ethiopia to Adopt Int'l Convention On the Rights of Persons With Disabilities
The Ethiopian Herald, Jan 9

Ethiopia is making preparations to adopt the International Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, the Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs said.

http://allafrica.com/stories/200701090360.html

New UN Chief Appoints Indian Diplomat as Cabinet Chief and Haitian Journalist as Spokesperson
International Herald Tribune, Jan2

Incoming U.N. Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon appointed veteran Indian diplomat Vijay Nambiar as his chief of staff and award-winning Haitian journalist Michele Montas as his spokesperson. The appointments were the first by Ban, who officially takes the reins of the United Nations on New Year's Day. In a statement Sunday, he said he intends to make further appointments in the coming days.

http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2007/01/01/news/UN_GEN_UN_Secretary_General_Appointments.php

Tackling Poverty is a Human-Rights Issue
The East African, Dec 19

Each of us possesses an instinct for what is just. The global commitment to "make poverty history" is not made simply out of charity or pity. Tackling poverty is not only an urgent economic or development imperative: it is more fundamental and compelling than that. It is a question of human rights and of justice, and of making real the inherent dignity and worth of every human person.

http://allafrica.com/stories/200612190548.html

Envoy makes bid to avoid war in Somalia
Associated Press, Dec 19

A European Union envoy plans to fly to Somalia to promote peace talks after weeks of saber rattling by the besieged government and an advancing Islamic movement.

http://www.contracostatimes.com/mld/cctimes/news/breaking_news/16275889.htm

A decent man who took on an impossible job
The Independent, Dec 12

It is impossible not to like and admire Kofi Annan, as he prepares to step down after 10 years at the helm of the United Nations. The first Secretary General to come from within the ranks of the world body, he is a transparently decent man, who has championed the cause of human rights more vigorously than any of his predecessors.

http://comment.independent.co.uk/leading_articles/article2067625.ece

Rape of young a weapon of war in Darfur
NZ Herald, Dec 12

Halima Bashir is a survivor. She was tortured and gang-raped for days as a punishment for speaking out about an attack on primary school children in Darfur.

http://www.nzherald.co.nz/section/story.cfm?c_id=2&objectid=10414924

Freedom of Speech as Victim of Global Warming
Korea Times, Nov 28

What's up with journalists in the mainstream media? In most cases, they tend to be unconditional supporters of free expression and strive to report on controversial views.
http://article.wn.com/view/2006/11/27/Freedom_of_Speech_as_Victim_of_Global_Warming/

AU, UN ink deal on first phase of `hybrid` Darfur peacekeeping force
Angolapress, Nov 27

The African Union and United Nations have agreed on the first phase of transforming the cash-strapped AU peace mission in Sudan`s Darfur region into a "hybrid" AU-UN force, officials said.
http://www.angolapress-angop.ao/noticia-e.asp?ID=490332

Human Rights Record
The Gambia Echo, Nov 23

Lack of commitment to fully implement human rights obligations in Africa has resulted to the continent facing continuous human rights challenges, said Salimata Sawadogo, chairperson of the African Commission on Human and Peoples Rights
http://allafrica.com/stories/200611280186.html

Ethiopia, Eritrea reject paper border ruling
Angola Press, Nov 22

Arch foe Horn of Africa neighbors Eritrea and Ethiopia both rejected plans by a UN-appointed border panel to demarcate their contentious frontier on paper, further raising tensions.

The two nations boycotted a meeting of the Eritrea Ethiopia Boundary Commission in The Hague designed to gather comment about a proposal to delineate the border on maps without marking it on the ground.
http://www.angolapress-angop.ao/noticia-e.asp?ID=489314

OPEC may cut again at December meeting: Algeria
Angola Press, Nov 20

OPEC may decide on a second output reduction at its December meeting to strengthen the stability of oil prices, Algeria`s Energy and Mines Minister Chakib Khelil said on Sunday.

OPEC, which pumps about a third of the world`s crude, agreed last month to its first formal output curbs in over two years, in order to shore up sagging prices.
http://www.angolapress-angop.ao/noticia-e.asp?ID=489038

Ethiopia hit by new deadly floods
Angola Press, Nov 1

Addis Ababa, 11/01 - At least 67 people have been killed by floods in Ethiopia`s eastern Ogaden region, the government says. Almost 300,000 have been affected after the Shabelle river burst its banks, an aid worker told the BBC.

http://www.angolapress-angop.ao/noticia-e.asp?ID=484672

Inquiry Report Fails to Confirm Or Deny Rights Violations
Daily Monitor, Oct 27

A report by an Inquiry Commission set up by the Parliament to investigate the two violence following the May national election in Ethiopia refused to confirm or deny whether or not excessive violence has been used by the police.

http://allafrica.com/stories/200610300747.html

SUDAN: Gov't, Eastern Rebels Sign Peace Agreement
IRIN, Oct 16

The Sudanese government and Eastern Front rebels have signed a peace agreement designed to end conflict in the east of the country, officials said.

http://www.irinnews.org/report.asp?ReportID=55962&SelectRegion=East_Africa&SelectCountry=SUDAN

CIVICUS urges a swift and fair trial in Ethiopia
AND, Oct 5

The Committee to Protect Journalists which is based in the United States of America has written a letter to the prime minister of Ethiopia Meles Zenawi, urging him to fulfil his promise of a swift and fair trial for civil society activists detained since November 2005

http://unblockthis.com/proxywebproxy90621260/index.php?q=aHR0cDovL2hvcm5vZmFmcmljYS5hb mRuZXR3b3JrLmNvbS9pbmRleDtqc2Vzc2lvbmlkPTkzN0E5NkYzMzUyNjI1RDI0NjE1NURBMjEzOT JBMjU3P3N lcnZpY2U9ZGlyZWN0LzEvSG9tZ S9zdG9yeSZhbXA7c3A9bDUzMDg2

UNHCR welcomes EU asylum directive, urges highest standards
Oct 9, UNHCR

As EU-wide minimum standards for granting refugee status take effect, the UN refugee agency urged member states Monday to live up to their legal and moral obligation to protect refugees and asylum seekers by maintaining the highest possible asylum standards.

http://www.unhcr.org/news/NEWS/452a56ae2.html

East Africa: ACP-EU Team Inspecting Country's Democratization, Role in Horn
Oct 8, Daily Monitor

An eight-member delegation comprising senior officials from the African-Caribbean-Pacific (ACP-EU) Joint Parliamentary Assembly is on a fact finding mission in Ethiopia where it will asses the democratization process in the country, the European Commission Delegation in Ethiopia said in a statement on Friday.

http://allafrica.com/stories/200610100498.html

Press freedom in Ethiopia debated in London
Debteraw, Sept 28, 2006

Labour sector organizations such as the National Union of Teachers (NUT) must build strong links to support their counterparts worldwide, especially in countries where there are restrictions to the freedom of expression and the press, speakers told delegates at a public debate on press freedom and state control in Ethiopia at the School of Oriental and African Studies on 27 September.

http://www.unblockthis.com./proxywebproxy14564047/index.php?q=aHR0cDovL2Rl YnRlcmF3LmNvbS9BcnRpY2xlLUZyZWUtUHJlc3MuaHRt

Repatriation Programme Suffers Funding Shortage - UNHCR
IRIN, Sept 22

The United Nations refugee agency has warned it will be forced to suspend the repatriation of 3,000 Sudanese refugees in Ethiopia unless it receives additional cash

.http://www.irinnews.org/report.asp?ReportID=55666&SelectRegion=Horn_of_Africa& SelectCountry=ETHIOPIA

The government of Libya routinely subjects migrants, asylum seekers and refugees -- primarily from sub-Saharan Africa -- to serious human rights abuses, including beatings, arbitrary arrests, forced returns and in some cases, torture, according to a Human Rights Watch (HRW) report released Tuesday.

http://www.ipsnews.net/news.asp?idnews=34698

Scholars to discuss Africa
AND, Aug 31

Top African scholars from all over the continent and in the Diaspora will meet in Johannesburg, South Africa to address cultural diversity for social cohesion and sustainable development.

http://humanrights.andnetwork.com/index;jsessionid=96AD2243F48225C2FB0E0AD54FD0AA35 ?service=direct/1/Home/recent.titleStory&sp=l51153

Ethiopian Floods Claim 620, Displaces Thousands
AND, Aug 24

International development agency - ActionAid - warned that the death toll due to the flooding in Ethiopia could rise substantially in the next few days.

http://humanrights.andnetwork.com/index;jsessionid=8FADDEB9CD6A0CE6D826D66F3825B674? service=direct/1/Home/older.fullStory&sp=l50246

NGO Demands Release of Journalists Jailed in Ethiopia
AND, Aug 13

The International Federation of Journalists has issued a statement demanding the release of 20 journalists who have been jailed during the last nine months in Ethiopia for political reasons and called on other world leaders to pressure the Ethiopian government for their release as well.

http://humanrights.andnetwork.com/index;jsessionid=9DE9E02A8958F015B08254F8EEB9805A? service=direct/1/Home/older.titleStory&sp=l49069

Kenya, South Africa Ranked Highly on Ensuring Freedom
AND, Aug 8

Kenya and South Africa are among emerging democracies that have done well in guaranteeing freedom, a new study shows. The two countries scored highly on areas of accountability and public voice in the study commissioned by an international civil rights' organisation. Freedom House's state of governance report placed Kenya among the high achievers on accountability in public affairs and freedom, especially of the media.

http://humanrights.andnetwork.com/index;jsessionid=4B6BB6198E09D8503D5A4DEE6F98CFE5? service=direct/1/Home/story&sp=l48445

Watchdog calls for transparency as oil boom takes off
IRIN, Aug 3

Madagascar is becoming the next staging post of Africa's energy boom as oil conglomerates descend on the poverty stricken island to contend for a share of the recent discovery, but a global watchdog cautions that the windfall could challenge the island's fledgling democracy.

http://www.irinnews.org/report.asp?ReportID=54976&SelectRegion=
Southern_Africa&SelectCountry=MADAGASCAR

African Still Struggles for Democracy
Las Vegas Sun, Aug 3

Whether a new peace or more violence lies ahead for Congo, its people have embraced the chance to join fellow Africans who are increasingly finding their voices through the ballot box.

http://www.lasvegassun.com/sunbin/stories/w-af/2006/aug/03/080307328.html

Journalists Release Guantanamo Bay Report
IPS, July 31

Two Afghan journalists, who spent three years in the infamous United States military prison camp in Guantanamo Bay, Cuba, have released a new chronicle on life in the now famous iron cages.

http://www.ipsnews.net/news.asp?idnews=34166

Appeal To 'Make Some Noise' For Victims In Sudan
Scoop, July 24

Amnesty International's Freedom Week appeal in the first week of August will support its global crisis campaigning work to protect civilians from atrocities in the war-torn Darfur region of Sudan. "Darfur is the world's 'forgotten' human rights crisis," said Amnesty International New Zealand Development Manager, John Shaw. "Appalling human rights violations have been taking place.

http://www.scoop.co.nz/stories/PO0607/S00248.htm

NGOs urge G-8 to pay more attention to Africa
AND, July 17

Nongovernmental organisations (NGOs) said the G8 countries should pay more attention to Africa, but were satisfied with discussions on assistance to Africa at the summit. Representatives of Oxfam and ActionAid said at a briefing in the media centre in Strelna that Africa was an emergency as acute as the Middle East, and its problems should be addressed without delay.

http://www.andnetwork.com/index?service=direct/0/Home/recent.titleStory&sp=l45082

SOMALIA: Gov't boycotts peace talks with Islamic group
IRIN, Jul 17

Peace talks scheduled for Saturday in Sudan between Somalia's Transitional Federal Government (TFG) and the Union of Islamic Courts, currently in control of the capital, Mogadishu, stalled after the government boycotted the talks.

http://www.irinnews.org/frontpage.asp

The Indian spirit
Hindustan Times , July 6

In the recent election to the UN Human Rights Council, India won the highest number of votes — 173 out of 191. It fared better compared to other leading nations — Japan got 158 votes, Germany 154, China 146, Russia 137, and UK 148.

http://article.wn.com/view/2006/07/05/The_Indian_spirit/

Aid for the Poor, Not for the Consultants
IPS, Jul 5

No less than a quarter of annual development aid -- about 20 billion dollars -- is being used by donor countries to fund technical assistance of sometimes dubious worth, says ActionAid International in a new report. The study, titled 'Real Aid 2', was launched by the Johannesburg-based non-governmental organisation (NGO). As with last year's 'Real Aid', it examines how development funding is spent.